{ "ASASSN-14jb": { "type": "IIP", "masses": [ { "epoch": 330, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0001, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2019A%26A...629A..57M", "comments": "" } ] }, "Cas A": { "type": "IIb", "masses": [ { "epoch": 330, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.5, "lower limit": 0.4, "upper limit": 0.6, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2017MNRAS.465.3309D", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 330, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.99, "lower limit": 0.9, "upper limit": 1.02, "technique": "Emission line fluxes", "reference": "2021MNRAS.504.2133N", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 330, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 1.1, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2017MNRAS.465.4044B", "comments": "" } ] }, "Crab": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 1070, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.24, "lower limit": 0.16, "upper limit": 0.56, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...760...96G", "comments": "Assuming silicate dust" }, { "epoch": 1070, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.11, "lower limit": 0.1, "upper limit": 0.12, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...760...96G", "comments": "Assuming carbon dust" }, { "epoch": 1070, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.55, "lower limit": 0.5, "upper limit": 0.6, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2015ApJ...801..141O", "comments": "assuming mixed carbon/silicate dust" }, { "epoch": 1070, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.22, "lower limit": 0.18, "upper limit": 0.27, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2015ApJ...801..141O", "comments": "assuming carbon dust" }, { "epoch": 1070, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 0.019, "upper limit": 0.13, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2013ApJ...774....8T", "comments": "" } ] }, "E0102": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 2000, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.014, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2009ApJ...700..579R", "comments": "" } ] }, "G21.5-09": { "type": "IIP or Ib/Ic (Chawner et al)", "masses": [ { "epoch": 870, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.29, "lower limit": 0.21, "upper limit": 0.37, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2019MNRAS.483...70C", "comments": "Remnant age from 2008MNRAS.386.1411B" } ] }, "G29.7-03 (Kes 75)": { "type": "Ib/c (Chawner et al)", "masses": [ { "epoch": 480, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.51, "lower limit": 0.38, "upper limit": 0.64, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2019MNRAS.483...70C", "comments": "Remnant age from 2018ApJ...856..133R" }, { "epoch": 480, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 0.013, "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...745...46T", "comments": "" } ] }, "G54.1+0.3": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 2100, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.3, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2017ApJ...836..129T", "comments": "Remnant age from 2010A%26A...520A..71B (they give a range of 1800-2400 years)" }, { "epoch": 1500, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.49, "lower limit": 0.08, "upper limit": 0.9, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2018MNRAS.479.5101R", "comments": "Remnant age from 2010A%26A...520A..71B (they give a range of 1800-2400 years)" } ] }, "G320.4-1.2": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 1700, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.009, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2021ApJS..257...36M", "comments": "" } ] }, "MSH 15-52": { "type": "Ib", "type reference": "1983ApJ...267..698S", "masses": [ { "epoch": 1600, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.00202, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2024ApJ...969..111K", "comments": "silicate dust" } ] }, "N49": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 4800, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.1, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2010A%26A...518L.139O", "comments": "Remnant age from 2012ApJ...748..117P; dust mass assumes carbon grains" }, { "epoch": 4800, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.4, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2010A%26A...518L.139O", "comments": "Remnant age from 2012ApJ...748..117P; dust mass assumes silicate grains" } ] }, "N132D": { "type": "Ib", "type reference": "2000ApJ...537..667B", "masses": [ { "epoch": 2500, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.013, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2008PASJ...60S.453S", "comments": "Remnant age from Finkelstein 2006" }, { "epoch": 2500, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 1.25, "lower limit": 0.6, "upper limit": 1.9, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2023ApJ...949...74R", "comments": "Remnant age from Finkelstein 2006" } ] }, "RCW103": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 2000, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.18, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011AJ....142...47P", "comments": "Remnant age from 1997PASP..109..990C" }, { "epoch": 2000, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 1.1, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011ApJ...742....7A", "comments": "Remnant age from 1997PASP..109..990C" } ] }, "SN1980K": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 30, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.21, "lower limit": 0.12, "upper limit": 0.3, "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2017MNRAS.465.4044B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 15362, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.41, "lower limit": 0.24, "upper limit": 0.58, "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2024MNRAS.529..155Z", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 15303, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.002, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2024MNRAS.529..155Z", "comments": "warm dust only" } ] }, "SN1987A": { "type": "II-pec", "masses": [ { "epoch": 615, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0002, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2007MNRAS.375..753E", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 775, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0042, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2007MNRAS.375..753E", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 615, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.001, "lower limit": 0.0008, "upper limit": 0.0012, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2015MNRAS.446.2089W", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 615, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.45, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2015ApJ...810...75D", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 775, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.45, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2015ApJ...810...75D", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 714, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0002, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2016MNRAS.456.1269B", "comments": "from [OI] 6300,6363" }, { "epoch": 714, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 5.5e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2016MNRAS.456.1269B", "comments": "from Hα" }, { "epoch": 775, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.002, "lower limit": 0.0018, "upper limit": 0.0022, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2015MNRAS.446.2089W", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 806, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0004, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2016MNRAS.456.1269B", "comments": "from [OI] 6300,6363" }, { "epoch": 806, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 9e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2016MNRAS.456.1269B", "comments": "from Hα" }, { "epoch": 1054, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00075, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2016MNRAS.456.1269B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 1153, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.003, "lower limit": 0.002, "upper limit": 0.004, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2015MNRAS.446.2089W", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 1478, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0011, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2016MNRAS.456.1269B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 1862, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0012, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2016MNRAS.456.1269B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 2211, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.003, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2016MNRAS.456.1269B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 2875, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.008, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2016MNRAS.456.1269B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 3500, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0135, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2016MNRAS.456.1269B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 3604, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.017, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2016MNRAS.456.1269B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 8515, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 0.4, "upper limit": 0.7, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011Sci...333.1258M", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 8515, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.6, "lower limit": 0.4, "upper limit": 0.8, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2015MNRAS.446.2089W", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 25, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 0.2, "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2014ApJ...782L...2I", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 9200, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.8, "lower limit": 0.6, "upper limit": 1, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2015MNRAS.446.2089W", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 9200, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.6, "lower limit": 0.4, "upper limit": 0.8, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2015ApJ...800...50M", "comments": "" } ] }, "SN1993J": { "type": "IIb", "masses": [ { "epoch": 16, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.12, "lower limit": 0.08, "upper limit": 0.15, "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2017MNRAS.465.4044B", "comments": "" } ] }, "SN1995N": { "type": "IIn", "masses": [ { "epoch": 534, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": "-", "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": 4e-05, "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2023MNRAS.525.4928W", "comments": "assuming amorphous carbon dust" }, { "epoch": 827, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 6e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2023MNRAS.525.4928W", "comments": "assuming amorphous carbon dust" }, { "epoch": 1589, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0002, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2023MNRAS.525.4928W", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 5366, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.4, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2023MNRAS.525.4928W", "comments": "Amorphous carbon" }, { "epoch": 5648, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 0.1, "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2023MNRAS.525.4928W", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 7858, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 0.1, "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2023MNRAS.525.4928W", "comments": "" } ] }, "SN1998S": { "type": "IIn", "masses": [ { "epoch": 346, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 0.001, "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2004MNRAS.352..457P", "comments": "" } ] }, "SN1999em": { "type": "IIP", "masses": [ { "epoch": 510, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 0.0001, "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2003MNRAS.338..939E", "comments": "" } ] }, "SN2003gd": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 499, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0002, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2006Sci...313..196S", "comments": "Assuming smooth dust distribution" }, { "epoch": 499, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0017, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2006Sci...313..196S", "comments": "Assuming clumpy dust distribution" }, { "epoch": 499, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 4e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2007ApJ...665..608M", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 678, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0027, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2006Sci...313..196S", "comments": "Assuming smooth dust distribution" }, { "epoch": 678, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.02, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2006Sci...313..196S", "comments": "Assuming clumpy dust distribution" } ] }, "SN2004dj": { "type": "IIP", "masses": [ { "epoch": 271, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 2e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011A%26A...527A..61S", "comments": "mass assumes 0.05um grains. lower limit assumes MRN, upper limit assumes 0.1um grains" }, { "epoch": 866, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00026, "lower limit": 0.0002, "upper limit": 0.00032, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011A%26A...527A..61S", "comments": "mass assumes 0.05um grains. lower limit assumes MRN, upper limit assumes 0.1um grains" }, { "epoch": 1011, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00062, "lower limit": 0.00048, "upper limit": 0.00076, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011A%26A...527A..61S", "comments": "mass assumes 0.05um grains. lower limit assumes MRN, upper limit assumes 0.1um grains" }, { "epoch": 1241, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00036, "lower limit": 0.00026, "upper limit": 0.00042, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011A%26A...527A..61S", "comments": "mass assumes 0.05um grains. lower limit assumes MRN, upper limit assumes 0.1um grains" } ] }, "SN2004et": { "type": "IIP", "masses": [ { "epoch": 300, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 4e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2009ApJ...704..306K", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 360, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 6.1e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2009ApJ...704..306K", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 406, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 6.1e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2009ApJ...704..306K", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 464, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 6.9e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2009ApJ...704..306K", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 690, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 9.9e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2009ApJ...704..306K", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 736, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00011, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2009ApJ...704..306K", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 795, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00014, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2009ApJ...704..306K", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 300, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 3.8e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011MNRAS.418.1285F", "comments": "Smooth model" }, { "epoch": 360, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 5.6e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011MNRAS.418.1285F", "comments": "Smooth model" }, { "epoch": 406, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 6.5e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011MNRAS.418.1285F", "comments": "Smooth model" }, { "epoch": 464, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.000111, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011MNRAS.418.1285F", "comments": "Smooth model" }, { "epoch": 690, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.000439, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011MNRAS.418.1285F", "comments": "Smooth model" }, { "epoch": 300, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 7.6e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011MNRAS.418.1285F", "comments": "Clumpy model" }, { "epoch": 360, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0001, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011MNRAS.418.1285F", "comments": "Clumpy model" }, { "epoch": 406, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.000224, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011MNRAS.418.1285F", "comments": "Clumpy model" }, { "epoch": 464, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0005, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011MNRAS.418.1285F", "comments": "Clumpy model" }, { "epoch": 690, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0015, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011MNRAS.418.1285F", "comments": "Clumpy model" }, { "epoch": 6567, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 0.033, "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2023MNRAS.523.6048S", "comments": "Assuming carbon dust" }, { "epoch": 6567, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 0.014, "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2023MNRAS.523.6048S", "comments": "Assuming silicate dust" } ] }, "SN2005ad": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 194, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 1e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2013A%26A...549A..79S", "comments": "analytical calculation" }, { "epoch": 364, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 4e-06, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2013A%26A...549A..79S", "comments": "analytical calculation" } ] }, "SN2005af": { "type": "", "masses": [ { "epoch": 194, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00042, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2013A%26A...549A..79S", "comments": "Analytical pure amorphous carbon model" }, { "epoch": 399, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00016, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2013A%26A...549A..79S", "comments": "Analytical pure amorphous carbon model" }, { "epoch": 576, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00026, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2013A%26A...549A..79S", "comments": "Analytical pure amorphous carbon model" }, { "epoch": 576, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00018, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2013A%26A...549A..79S", "comments": "pure amorphous carbon MOCASSIN model" }, { "epoch": 576, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00011, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2013A%26A...549A..79S", "comments": "65% silicates, 35% amorphous carbon MOCASSIN model" }, { "epoch": 772, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 7e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2013A%26A...549A..79S", "comments": "Analytical pure amorphous carbon model" }, { "epoch": 940, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00045, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2013A%26A...549A..79S", "comments": "Analytical pure amorphous carbon model" }, { "epoch": 6826, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.019, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2025ApJ...993...94S", "comments": "Amorphous carbon ejecta dust mass" } ] }, "SN2005ip": { "type": "IIn", "masses": [ { "epoch": 48, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 1.585e-08, "lower limit": 1e-09, "upper limit": 1.175e-07, "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2019MNRAS.485.5192B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 58, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 4.5e-05, "lower limit": 2e-05, "upper limit": 5.3e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...756..173S", "comments": "Mass assumes 0.1um grains, lower and upper limits assume 1.0um and 0.01um grains respectively" }, { "epoch": 72, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 2.884e-07, "lower limit": 2.291e-09, "upper limit": 8.318e-07, "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2019MNRAS.485.5192B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 99, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 6.2e-05, "lower limit": 2.6e-05, "upper limit": 7.1e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...756..173S", "comments": "Mass assumes 0.1um grains, lower and upper limits assume 1.0um and 0.01um grains respectively" }, { "epoch": 120, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 3.09e-06, "lower limit": 1.259e-06, "upper limit": 3.162e-05, "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2019MNRAS.485.5192B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 169, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 7.413e-06, "lower limit": 3.09e-06, "upper limit": 6.918e-05, "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2019MNRAS.485.5192B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 211, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 8.3e-05, "lower limit": 3.2e-05, "upper limit": 9.3e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...756..173S", "comments": "Mass assumes 0.1um grains, lower and upper limits assume 1.0um and 0.01um grains respectively" }, { "epoch": 413, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 7.244e-06, "lower limit": 1e-06, "upper limit": 2.951e-05, "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2019MNRAS.485.5192B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 722, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.000188, "lower limit": 7.2e-05, "upper limit": 0.000209, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...756..173S", "comments": "Mass assumes 0.1um grains, lower and upper limits assume 1.0um and 0.01um grains respectively" }, { "epoch": 905, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.001905, "lower limit": 8.128e-05, "upper limit": 0.02455, "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2019MNRAS.485.5192B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 940, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0005, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2010ApJ...725.1768F", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 1565, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.000541, "lower limit": 0.000205, "upper limit": 0.0006, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...756..173S", "comments": "Mass assumes 0.1um grains, lower and upper limits assume 1.0um and 0.01um grains respectively" }, { "epoch": 2242, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0871, "lower limit": 0.02188, "upper limit": 1.585, "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2019MNRAS.485.5192B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 3099, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.07762, "lower limit": 0.009333, "upper limit": 1.585, "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2019MNRAS.485.5192B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 4075, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.06918, "lower limit": 0.006761, "upper limit": 1.585, "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2019MNRAS.485.5192B", "comments": "" } ] }, "SN2006bc": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 550, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.002, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...753..109G", "comments": "Smooth models give 4e-4Mo" } ] }, "SN2006jc": { "type": "Ibn", "masses": [ { "epoch": 200, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 6.9e-05, "lower limit": 6.4e-05, "upper limit": 7.4e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2009ApJ...692..546S", "comments": "2.7+0.7-0.5e-3Mo of pre-existing dust also inferred" } ] }, "SN2006jd": { "type": "IIn", "masses": [ { "epoch": 9, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.000288, "lower limit": 0.000102, "upper limit": 0.000332, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...756..173S", "comments": "Mass assumes 0.1um grains, lower and upper limits assume 1.0um and 0.01um grains respectively" }, { "epoch": 51, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.000166, "lower limit": 7.2e-05, "upper limit": 0.000204, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...756..173S", "comments": "Mass assumes 0.1um grains, lower and upper limits assume 1.0um and 0.01um grains respectively" }, { "epoch": 99, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00016, "lower limit": 6.7e-05, "upper limit": 0.000193, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...756..173S", "comments": "Mass assumes 0.1um grains, lower and upper limits assume 1.0um and 0.01um grains respectively" }, { "epoch": 204, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00024, "lower limit": 8e-05, "upper limit": 0.000271, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...756..173S", "comments": "Mass assumes 0.1um grains, lower and upper limits assume 1.0um and 0.01um grains respectively" }, { "epoch": 753, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.000872, "lower limit": 0.000286, "upper limit": 0.000984, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...756..173S", "comments": "Mass assumes 0.1um grains, lower and upper limits assume 1.0um and 0.01um grains respectively" }, { "epoch": 1638, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.000462, "lower limit": 0.000144, "upper limit": 0.000514, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2012ApJ...756..173S", "comments": "Mass assumes 0.1um grains, lower and upper limits assume 1.0um and 0.01um grains respectively" } ] }, "SN2007it": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 944, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0001, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011ApJ...731...47A", "comments": "clumpy model. earlier epochs are assumed to have significant CSM contribution" }, { "epoch": 944, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 4.6e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2011ApJ...731...47A", "comments": "smooth model. earlier epochs are assumed to have significant CSM contribution" } ] }, "SN2007od": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 300, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00017, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2010ApJ...715..541A", "comments": "smooth model" }, { "epoch": 300, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00025, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2010ApJ...715..541A", "comments": "clumpy model" }, { "epoch": 455, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00019, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2010ApJ...715..541A", "comments": "smooth model" }, { "epoch": 455, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00042, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2010ApJ...715..541A", "comments": "clumpy model" }, { "epoch": 667, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00018, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2010ApJ...715..541A", "comments": "smooth model" }, { "epoch": 667, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00042, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2010ApJ...715..541A", "comments": "clumpy model" } ] }, "SN2010jl": { "type": "IIn", "masses": [ { "epoch": 87, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00044, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2018ApJ...859...66S", "comments": "assuming carbon dust" }, { "epoch": 254, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0049, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2018ApJ...859...66S", "comments": "assuming silicate dust" }, { "epoch": 254, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0013, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2018ApJ...859...66S", "comments": "assuming carbon dust" }, { "epoch": 464, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0007, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2020ApJ...894..111B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 465, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0047, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2018ApJ...859...66S", "comments": "assuming silicate dust" }, { "epoch": 465, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00088, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2018ApJ...859...66S", "comments": "assuming carbon dust" }, { "epoch": 526, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00025, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2020ApJ...894..111B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 526, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0007, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2020ApJ...894..111B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 550, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0008, "lower limit": 0.00075, "upper limit": 0.00085, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2013ApJ...776....5M", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 621, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0065, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2018ApJ...859...66S", "comments": "assuming silicate dust" }, { "epoch": 621, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0014, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2018ApJ...859...66S", "comments": "assuming carbon dust" }, { "epoch": 844, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0095, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2018ApJ...859...66S", "comments": "assuming silicate dust" }, { "epoch": 844, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0022, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2018ApJ...859...66S", "comments": "assuming carbon dust" }, { "epoch": 87, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0018, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2018ApJ...859...66S", "comments": "assuming silicate dust" }, { "epoch": 915, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.002, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2020ApJ...894..111B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 996, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.003, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2020ApJ...894..111B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 1286, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.005, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2020ApJ...894..111B", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 1367, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.01, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2020ApJ...894..111B", "comments": "" } ] }, "SN2011ja": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 105, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 1.9e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2016MNRAS.457.3241A", "comments": "Clumpy model. Table 5 in the paper says 1.9e-4, text makes clear this is a typo." }, { "epoch": 486, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 6.4e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2016MNRAS.457.3241A", "comments": "Clumpy model" }, { "epoch": 637, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 3.8e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2016MNRAS.457.3241A", "comments": "Clumpy model" }, { "epoch": 857, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00064, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2016MNRAS.457.3241A", "comments": "Clumpy model" }, { "epoch": 105, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 1.1e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2016MNRAS.457.3241A", "comments": "Smooth model" }, { "epoch": 486, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 3.7e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2016MNRAS.457.3241A", "comments": "Smooth model" }, { "epoch": 637, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 2.7e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2016MNRAS.457.3241A", "comments": "Smooth model" }, { "epoch": 857, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00045, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2016MNRAS.457.3241A", "comments": "Smooth model" } ] }, "SN2014C": { "type": "Ib", "masses": [ { "epoch": 1624, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 4e-06, "lower limit": 2e-06, "upper limit": 8e-06, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2019ApJ...887...75T", "comments": "hot component" }, { "epoch": 1624, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0052, "lower limit": 0.0046, "upper limit": 0.0059, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2019ApJ...887...75T", "comments": "warm component" }, { "epoch": 3500, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.078, "lower limit": 0.072, "upper limit": 0.084, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2025arXiv250414009T", "comments": "0.0355Mo C, 0.078 Si, 2.3e-5 warm C" } ] }, "SN2014dt": { "type": "SN Iax[02cx-like]", "masses": [ { "epoch": 320, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 1e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2016ApJ...816L..13F", "comments": "Type Iax supernova" } ] }, "SN2017eaw": { "type": "IIP", "masses": [ { "epoch": 126, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2019ApJ...873..127T", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 197, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 7e-06, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2019ApJ...873..127T", "comments": "assuming carbon dust" }, { "epoch": 197, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0001, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2019ApJ...873..127T", "comments": "assuming silicate dust" }, { "epoch": 295, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 1e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2019ApJ...873..127T", "comments": "assuming carbon dust" }, { "epoch": 295, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0001, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2019ApJ...873..127T", "comments": "assuming silicate dust" }, { "epoch": 498, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 1e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2019ApJ...873..127T", "comments": "assuming carbon dust" }, { "epoch": 498, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0003, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2019ApJ...873..127T", "comments": "assuming silicate dust" }, { "epoch": 1954, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 0.0004, "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2023MNRAS.523.6048S", "comments": "Assuming silicate dust" } ] }, "SN2017gci": { "type": "Type I SLSN", "type reference": "2024arXiv240815397G", "masses": [ { "epoch": 2250, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 0.44, "upper limit": 0.83, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2023MNRAS.523.6048S", "comments": "Assuming silicate dust" } ] }, "SN2018bsz": { "type": "II (SLSN)", "masses": [ { "epoch": 230, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0005, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2021arXiv210907942C", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 265, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.001, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2021arXiv210907942C", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 300, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.001, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2021arXiv210907942C", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 380, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.005, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2021arXiv210907942C", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 420, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.005, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2021arXiv210907942C", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 535, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.01, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2021arXiv210907942C", "comments": "" } ] }, "SN2018hfm": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 66.7, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 1e-06, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2022MNRAS.509.2013Z", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 97.2, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 5e-06, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2022MNRAS.509.2013Z", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 182.3, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 2.8e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2022MNRAS.509.2013Z", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 389.4, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0001, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2022MNRAS.509.2013Z", "comments": "" } ] }, "SN2020oi": { "type": "Ic", "masses": [ { "epoch": 63, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 1e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2021ApJ...908..232R", "comments": "could be echo" } ] }, "SN2021krf": { "type": "Ic-pec", "masses": [ { "epoch": 68, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 2e-05, "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2023ApJ...950...14R", "comments": "" } ] }, "SN2022jli": { "type": "Ic", "type reference": "2026A%26A...707A.161C", "masses": [ { "epoch": 385, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 0.0002, "upper limit": 0.0016, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026A%26A...707A.161C", "comments": "Lower limit assumes silicates, upper limit carbon. Values are averages from epochs of 385-600 days. Echo not ruled out." } ] }, "SN2023ixf": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 141, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 1.5e-06, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2026arXiv260314137S", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 204, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 2.6e-06, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2026arXiv260314137S", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 300, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 1e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2026arXiv260314137S", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 418, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 6e-05, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "Emission line profiles", "reference": "2026arXiv260314137S", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": 253, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00026, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260314137S", "comments": "Cool silicate component attributed to newly formed ejecta dust" }, { "epoch": 374, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.00071, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260314137S", "comments": "Cool silicate component attributed to newly formed ejecta dust" }, { "epoch": 601, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0021, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260314137S", "comments": "Cool silicate component attributed to newly formed ejecta dust" }, { "epoch": 723, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0022, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260314137S", "comments": "Cool silicate component attributed to newly formed ejecta dust" }, { "epoch": 593, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 5.2e-4, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "prediction", "reference": "", "comments": "EAS2023 prediction" }, { "epoch": 958, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0012, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "prediction", "reference": "", "comments": "EAS2023 prediction" }, { "epoch": 1323, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0026, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "prediction", "reference": "", "comments": "EAS2023 prediction" }, { "epoch": 1688, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.005, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "prediction", "reference": "", "comments": "EAS2023 prediction" }, { "epoch": 5341, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.15, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "prediction", "reference": "", "comments": "EAS2023 prediction" } ] }, "SN2024dy": { "type": "IIn", "masses": [ { "epoch": "285.6", "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 1e-05, "lower limit": 8e-06, "upper limit": 1.1e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260618585G", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": "308.6", "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 1e-05, "lower limit": 9e-06, "upper limit": 1.7e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260618585G", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": "316.5", "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 2e-05, "lower limit": 1.9e-05, "upper limit": 2.3e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260618585G", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": "317.6", "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 2e-05, "lower limit": 1.9e-05, "upper limit": 2.1e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260618585G", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": "326.6", "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 2e-05, "lower limit": 1.9e-05, "upper limit": 2.2e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260618585G", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": "363.5", "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 3e-05, "lower limit": 2.9e-05, "upper limit": 4.2e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260618585G", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": "384.6", "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 5e-05, "lower limit": 4.5e-05, "upper limit": 6.3e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260618585G", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": "386.6", "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 4e-05, "lower limit": 3.8e-05, "upper limit": 4.4e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260618585G", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": "423.5", "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 5e-05, "lower limit": 4.6e-05, "upper limit": 5.5e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260618585G", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": "444.4", "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 5e-05, "lower limit": 4.5e-05, "upper limit": 5.4e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260618585G", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": "445.5", "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 5e-05, "lower limit": 4.6e-05, "upper limit": 5.5e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260618585G", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": "486.3", "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 5e-05, "lower limit": 4.8e-05, "upper limit": 6.1e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260618585G", "comments": "" }, { "epoch": "498.4", "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 6e-05, "lower limit": 5.7e-05, "upper limit": 7.3e-05, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260618585G", "comments": "" } ] }, "SN2024rbc": { "type": "Ib", "type reference": "2026arXiv260323877H", "masses": [ { "epoch": 62, "epoch unit": "days", "mass": 0.0013, "lower limit": 0.0012, "upper limit": 0.0014, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2026arXiv260323877H", "comments": "Assumes carbon dust, grain size 0.01um" } ] }, "SNR 0540-69.3": { "type": "II", "masses": [ { "epoch": 950, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": "-", "lower limit": 0.001, "upper limit": 0.003, "technique": "SED", "reference": "2008ApJ...687.1054W", "comments": "Remnant age from 1985ApJ...291..152R (they give 800-1100 yrs)" }, { "epoch": 950, "epoch unit": "years", "mass": 0.0025, "lower limit": "-", "upper limit": "-", "technique": "SED", "reference": "2020MNRAS.496.1834L", "comments": "Remnant age from 1985ApJ...291..152R (they give 800-1100 yrs)" } ] } }